Mu gitabo cyanditswe n’umwe mu bari barazanywe no gukora umurimo w’imbangamatwi,niwe watanze amakuru yo kumenyekanisha icyo kibanza bakoreragamo”handitswe hati: “Arous ku kiyaga gitukura, ahantu h’igitangaza h’umwihariko”. Mujye  muhavuga muti “Ikibanza cyo kwibira mu kiyaga no kuryoherwa cyo mu gihugu cya Sudani”.

Muri icyo gitabo handitswemo ibintu byinshi by’icyo kibanza. Baravuga ko inkengero z’ikiyaga zahoragaho akazuba; ko icyo kiyaga gifite ifi zidakunze kuboneka kw’isi. Muri icyo gitabo bivugwa ko amazi y’icyo kiyaga ari mu ya mbere meza kw’isi, ko mw’ijoro naho hakunze kugaragara  n’inyenyeri zaka cyane zibarirwa mu ma miliyoni, n’ibindi byinshi bivugwa byo gushimagiza icyo kibanza.

Icyo kibanza cya Arous cyakundaga kubamo impanuka za mato, kikagira n’ibinyabuzima byinshi byo mu kiyaga, wasangaga ari kibanza abakunda kwibira mu mazi bahurumbiramo.

Ibyo bitabo byandikishijwe ku bwinshi, bigatangwa mu mashyirahamwe yi Burayi akorera ku gisata cy’abamukerarugendo, ari nayo abifuza kujya gutembera muri icyo kibanza cya Arous bajyaga kuharuhukira.

Abantu benshi bagiye kuruhukira i Arous.

Iyo bageragayo bafatwaga neza, cyane bagahabwa ibya ngombwa biba bikenewe, bagakora akarashishi ko mu kiyaga, bakibira mu mazi, bakagaburirwa neza. Igitabo cyo kumenyekanisha Arous

Ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga rijejwe ubukerarugendo muri Sudani naryo nyine ryanezezwaga naho hantu abantu bazaga kuruhukira. Ryari ryarakodeshereje icyo kibanza umurwi w’abantu b’abanya Burayi biyitaga abashoramali, batumye bamukerarugendo ba mbere b’abanyamahanga bajya muri icyo gihugu.

Ikintu abashyitsi cyangwa ubutegetsi batari bazi, nuko iyo akarashishi yo kwibira mu mazi ivugwa itabaho.

Cyari ikirindiro cyashinzwe mu mwaka w’ 1980, kigenzurwa imyaka irenga ine n’imbangamatwi z’urwego rwa  Mossad, ikigo cy’iperereza cya Israeli.

Bakoreshaga icyo k’ibanza nk’icyitwazo ariko mu by’ukuri bari mu gikorwa gihambaye cyo gutabara ibihumbi by’abayahudi b’abanya Ethiopia bagorewe mu nkambi z’impunzi zo muri Sudani, bakazimurira muri Israeli.

Sudani cyari igihugu cy’abarabu kidacana uwaka ni gihugu cya  Israeli, icyo gikorwa kikaba cyaratunganijwe nta muntu numwe abimenye haba muri Sudani cyangwa muri Israeli.

“Ryari ibanga ry’igihugu, nta muntu numwe yagira icyo abivugako,” niko Gad Shimron, umwe muri abo ba za magigiri  bakoze muri icyo kibanza abivuga. “N’umuryango wanjye ntabyo waruzi.”  Gad afite ubwato hafi y’ikibanza cya Arous

Abo banya Ethiopia b’abayahudi bari mu muryango witwa Beta Israel (Inyubakwa ya Israeli), amamuko yabo akaba arimo ibintu byinshi bigoye gusobanura.

Hari abibaza ko bashobora kuba  baturuka ku miryango 10 yo ku ngoma ya Israeli, cywangwa ko baba baturuka ku banya Israeli bagiye baherekeje umuhungu w’umwamikazi wa BerShaba n’umwami Salomoni bajya muri Ethiopia mu myaka ya 950 imbere yuko Yezu avuka.

Abandi nabo bibaza ko bahungiye hariya, inyuma yaho ingoro ya mbere y’abayahudi isenyukiye mu w’ 586, imbere yuko Yezu avuka.

Bizeraga inyigisho zibyanditswe   muri Torah, bagakurikiza Bibiliya y’abayahudi, bagasengera mu masinagogi.

Ariko mu kuba batigeze babana n’abandi bayahudi imyaka ibihumbi, bo bibazaga ko aribo bayahudi basigaye kw’isi bonyine.

Aba “rabbins” bakuru bakuru ba Israeli nibo batangiye kumenyekanisha uwo muryango w’abanya Israeli bitwa Beta Israel, mu myaka yi 1970.

Mu w’1977, umwe mu b’uwo muryango, Ferede Aklum, yarajyanye n’izindi mpunzi zidafite amamuko y’abayahudi, zambukira kurubibe, zihungira mu gihugu cya Sudani zihunze intambara hamwe n’inzara. Ferede Aklum (i bumoso) hamwe na Baruch Tegegne arongoye abanya Ethiopia b’amamuko y’abayahudi

Yanditse amabaruwa ku bigo by’abagiraneza, asaba gufashwa, rimwe rigwa mu minwa ya Mossad urwego rw’ubutasi rwa Israel.

Umushikiranganji wa mbere wa Israeli icyo gihe, Menachem Begin – nawe nyine nk’impunzi yo mu ba Nazi b’i Buraya, yahise asaba ikigo cy’iperereza kugarukira uwo muryango w’abanya Israeli bo mu bwoko bw’aba Beta.

Umukozi wa Mossad amaze kumenya aho yahungiye, Ferede yahise yohereza ubutumwa abo mu muryango wiwe, ababwira ko byoroshe kujya i Yeruzalemu uvuye muri Sudani, kurusha uvuye muri Ethiopia, mu gihe icyo gihugu cyiyamiriza abahunga.

Yafashije abandi gushyira mu ngiro inzozi yari amaranye imyaka 2700.

Mu gihe cyakurikiyeho, abanya Israeli 14000 bo mu bwoko bw’aba Beta bakoze urugendo rw’ibirometero 800 bari kumwe n’abandi banya Ethiopia, bajya gusaba ubuhungiro muri Sudani. Uwufise ububasha kw’isanamu AAEJ Archives Online Image caption Abanya Ethiopia b’abayahudi muri Sudani mu 1983

Impunzi z’abayahudi zishyika 1500 zarishwe muri urwo rugendo, mu makambi ya Gedaref na Kassala, abandi baranyuruzwa.

Mu gihe nta bayahudi bari mu gihugu cya Sudani kigwiriyemo aba Islamu, basabwa kutavuga idini ryabo kugira ngo bashobore kwiyoberanya ntibafatwe n’igipolisi. Abanya Ethiopia b’abayahudi mu bwato

Igikorwa cyo gutabara

Igikorwa cyo gutabara cyaciye gitangira buhoro buhoro, abo banya Ethiopia b’abayahudi bagasohorwa muri Sudani bajyanwa i Burayi ku mpapuro za magendo, munyuma bakabona gushyika muri Israeli.

Hanyuma ibyo bikorwa byaberaga ku nkengero z’ikiyaga gitukura cyatumye ibyo bikorwa byiyongera, bifata iyindi ntera.

“Twegereye igisirikare cyo mu mazi cya Israeli ngo kidufashe,” niko umwe mu bari mw’ibyo bikorwa ariko utarashatse kumenyekana abivuga.

Ubwo igisirikare baradusbije “Bagize bati “nta kibazo”, munyuma bamwe mu bantu bo muri Mossad baza muri Sudani kureba uko bahadukura, baza kuri kino kibanza kiri mu bugaragwa ku nkengero, mu gahinga kintabwa.  Ikarita yerekana aho Arous iri

“Kuri twebwe yari amahirwe kuronka icyo kibanza munyuma tugakora icyo gikorwa. Twitwaza ko tugenzura ikibanza gifite ikiyaga abantu bajya kwibiramo, ibyo bikaba byaratangaga ibisobanuro impamvu turi mu gihugu cya Sudani n’igituma tuguma dutembera ku nkengero z’ikiyaga.”

Ibyabaye mu nyuma biri mw’isinema iriho irategurwa ya Hollywood yitwa Red Sea Diving Resort, amashusho yafatiwe muri Namibia no muri Afrika Yepfo, ikaba ivuga ku gikorwa twarimo hamwe n’icyo kibanza. Naho ishingiye ku byabaye by’ukuri, bimwe mu birimo sibyo.

Icyo kibanza cyarangiye kubakwa mu 1972 n’abataliyani, kikaba cyarimo inzu 15, igikoni hamwe n’uburiro bwagutse ku nkengero y’ikiyaga.

Nta mashanyarazi yarahari, nta mazi, nta barabara, abo abataliyani basanga naho uwo mugambi batangije udashoboka, icyo kibanza nticyigera cyugururwa.

“Ni ahantu hari  hagoye gukoreramo, utari kumwe n’aba Mossad,” niko umwe muri bo avuga.

Bakoresheje ibitabo by’inzira bya magendo, umurwi w’abo bakozi ba Mossad biyise abakozi b’ishyirahamwe ry’Ubuswisi rikorera muri Sudani, bumvisha ubutegetsi ibyashara baje gukora, bahita bakodesha icyo kibanza ku myaka itatu ku madolari $320000.

Ikibanza kitaricyo

Bamaze umwaka wa mbere basubiramo icyo kibanza, bagirana amasezerano n’abantu babazanira amazi meza hamwe na essence.

Bashizemo ibikoresho bikorerwa muri Israeli, birimo “climatiseurs”, imoteri hamwe n’ibikoresho bigezweko by’ubwato bwo  mu mazi, byinjijwe mu gihugu ku buryo bwa magendo.

“Ni twe twinjije ubwa mbere ubwato bw’intambara muri Sudani”, niko Gad avuga yisekera. “Twarazanye ubwato bwa mbere – Ndazi kugendesha ubwato butwarwa n’umuyaga, narabyigishije abashyitsi. Abandi bamagigiri ba Mossad biyita abigisha mu byo kwibira mu mazi.”

Bahaye akazi abakozi 15, abakora mu byumba, abakora mu bunywero, umushoferi hamwe n’umukuru w’abateka. Nta muntu numwe mu bakozi yarazi icyo dukorera muri icyo kibanza, cyangwa ko ababatwara ari imbangamatwi za  ba Mossad.

Abakozi ba Mossad b’abakobwa nibo bakora imirimo yo kumanywa, ibyo bikaba byaragabanyaga urwikekwe.

Inyubakwa y’ibikoresho byo kwibira mu mazi,yari yarashizwe kure, ikaba yarimo amaradiyo abo imbangamatwi zaganiriragaho n’ibiro bikuru byabo by’i Tel Aviv.

Naho babaga bariho bitaho abashitsi, hageze mw’ijoro bamwe muribo bikinga agahumbezi, bakajya guhura nabo bavuganye ku birometero 10, mu bumanuko bwa Gedaref.

“Twabwira abakozi ko tugiye i Khartoum iminsi mikeyi, cyangwa ko tugiye kureba abaforoma baturuka muri Suède ahitwa Kassala,” niko Gad avuga. Ubwo bakajya gutanga za raporo no gukora inama z’uko igikorwa kigomba kugenda.

Ubwo bakazana abanya Ethiopia b’abayahudi birukanywe mu ‘nkambi n’abagabo bari muri komite – abanya Israeli b’aba Beta bari batowe ngo batunganye icyo gikorwa.

“Abo banya Ethiopia b’abayahudi ntibabwirwa ibigiye gukorwa, kuko nti twashaka ko hagira ikimenyekana,” niko Gad avuga.

“Ntibari bazi ko duturuka muri Israeli. Twababwira ko turi abahashyi.”Gad ari kumwe n’uwundi munya Israeli mw’ikamyo muri Sudani

Kuva aho, impunzi ziharurwa mu mirongo zatwawe mu makamyo mu rugendo rw’iminsi ibiri rw’ibirometero 800, abazitwaye bakagerageza ngo ibyo barimo ntibimenyekane ku mabariyeri bakoresheje amayeri menshi, nko gutanga ibiturire, cyangwa bakarengana ku nguvu.

Hageze ko baruhuka, baragerageza guhumuriza abo batwaye batekewe n’ubwoba.

“Tubaretse bakicara mu kibanza cy’umushoferi bagakora kuri “volant”, bumva umengo bageze mw’ijuru,” niko Gad avuga mu gitabo cyiwe Mossad Exodus.

“Byarasetsaga cyane nko kubona abana 20 banezerewe bariho barasangira jojo imwe. Baratureba ukagirango ntituri abo kw’isi.”

Bamaze gushyikanwa ku nkengeoa z’ikiyaga mu buraruko bw’ikibanza, igisirikare cyo mu mazi cya Israeli kikaza kiri mu mato, kigatora izo mpunzi kikazitwara mu rundi rugendo rw’isaha n’igice aho bahitaga binjizwa mu bwato bunini bwitwa INS Bat Galim.

Ubwo bwato nibwo bwabatwara gushyika muri Israeli. Abanya Ethiopia b’abayahudi batwawe mu bwato bajyanwa mu bwato bunini bubatwara muri Israeli

“Igihe cyose byaba biteye ubwoba,” niko umwe mu babikora avuga.

“Twese twari tuzi ko hageze ufatwa, ko twari kwicwa tumanitswe i Khartoum.”

Byarahatswe gushyika mu kwezi kwa Gatatu mu 1982, igihe bariho bakora icyo gikogwa ku ncuro ya gatatu bahuye n’abasirikare ba Sudani.

Bitewe no kubikeka ko bari mu rudandazwa rwa magendo, abo basirikare bararashe ariko ayo mato hamwe n’abanya Ethiopia atwaye barabandanya nta nkomanzi. Abanya Ethiopia b’abayahudi bafungura mu bwato bwa Israeli

Inyuma yaho basanze gutwara izo mpunzi bazicishije mu mazi byatuma bafatwa, bahise biga ubundi buryo.

Abo bakozi ba Mossad bahise batangira gushaka aho bashyira ikibuga cy’indege aho mu butayu, aho indege yo mu bwoko bwa Hercule C130 ishobora kugwa, izo mpunzi zigashobora kuvanwa mu gihugu n’indege mw’ibanga.

Kwimura impunzi n’indege

Ibikorwa byo kwimura izo mpunzi n’indege byahavuye bitangira. Gad n’abo bari kumwe bararonse ubutumwa ko hari ikibuga cy’indege cyasizwe n’abongereza igihe cy’indwano ya kabiri y’isi yose, cyari hirya y’inkengero y’ikiyaga.

Mu kwezi kwa Gatanu mu 1982, indege ya mbere yo mu bwoko bwa Hercule itwaye umurwi w’abasirikare yaraguye kuri icyo kibuga hagati mw’ijoro.

Hashize umyaka, umwe mu banya Ethiopia 130 batabawe bakajyanwa n’iyo ndege yabwiye Gad ati: “Wowe ntuzi icyo bisobanura kuri jyewe kubona njya mu ndege mu bugaragwa bwa Sudani hagati mw’ijoro.

“Sinari bwigere mbona indege mu buzima bwanjye. Nibona nk’umuhanuzi Yonasi agiye mu nda ya “baleine” , munyuma nkakanguka ndi Siyoni muri Israeli inyuma y’amasaha atatu.”Indege ya Israeli yo mu bwoko bwa Hercule C130

Bamaze gutwara impunzi kabiri muri mwen’ubwo buryo, Mossad yahavuye imenya ko ubutegetsi bwa Sudani bwamenye ibikorwa.

Umuhamya utipfuza kumenyekana avuga ko hari umuntu yagiye kubarega, munyuma uwo murwi usabwa kurondera ahandi hantu indege zizayja zigwa hatapfa gukekwa.

Bahavuye batora ibibanza byiza hafi ya Gedaref, bifasha ku buryo impunzi zagenda amasaha make mw’ibarabara.

“Nta bibuga by’indege byari bihari, hari ku bugaragwa,” nkuko byiganwa n’umwe mu wo mbangamatwi za mossad atashatse kumenyekana.

Naho hari uko, ingendo 17 zo mu kinyegero zarashoboye gukorwa, zifashijwemo n’abitwa ko bigisha kwibira baba kuri icyo kigwati cyo kuruhukiramo.

Mu 1984, inzara yarabaye  muri Sudani, biba ngombwa kwihutisha ibikorwa byo kwimura izo mpunzi.

Ubutegetsi bwa Amerika bubifashijwemo hakarihwa n’amahera menshi, Gen Jaafar Nimeiri yaremeye kurekura impunzi z’abayahudi zijyanwa i Burayi, zigurukiye i Khartoum.

Yasabye ko bikorwa mw’ibanga yanga kugira ingaruka zivuye mu bindi bihugu by’abarabu.

Ku ngendo 28 hakoreshejwe Boeing 707, abanya Ethiopia b’abayahudi 6380 bajyanywe muri Israeli mu gikorwa cyiswe “Operation Moise”.  Abanya Ethiopia b’abayahudi bari mu ndege ya gisirikare ya Israeli Boeing 707 bagurutse bavuye i Addis Ababa mu 1991

Ayo makuru ntiyarazwi muri Israeli, ariko yahavuye amenywa n’ibigo by’itangazamakuru, nkuko uwo mukozi wa Mossad atashatse kumenyekana avuga.

Ayo makuru yaramenyekanye

Ibimenyeshamakuru byasohoye iyo nkuru kw’isi itariki 5 ukwezi kwa Mbere 1985, munyuma ubutegetsi bwa Sudani buhagarika izo ngendo, bwongera buhakana ko bwakoranye na Israeli ku kibazo cyerekeye abanya Siyoni.

Mossad yarabandanije igenzura ikigwati cy’uburuhukiro cya Arous, abakozi bayo baza kugenda inyuma yaho zihinduriye imirisho muri Sudani itariki 6 ukwezi kwa Kane 1985, igihe Gen Nimeiri akuriwe ku butegetsi n’igisirikare.  Gen Nimeiri

Icyo gisirikare gifashe ubutegetsi cyaciye gifata ingingo yo kwirukana izo mbangamatwi, kugira ngo bagumye isura nziza mu bihugu by’abarabu.

Urongoye Mossad yahise abategeka kuva muricyo kibanza cy’uburuhukiro, babikora umunsi ukurikira.

“Batandatu muri twebwe bavuye mw’icyo kibanza  mu modoka abiri imbere yabasetsi,” niko umwe muri za magigiri atifuza kumenyekana avuga.

Indege yo mu bwoko bwa C130 yaguye mu buraruko ahantu tutari bwigere tugurukira, turayinjira dutaha muhira. “Hari hakiri abakerarugendo muri icyo kibanza,” niko avuga.

“Babyutse bisanga ari bonyine muri ubwo bugaragwa. Abakozi bo muri icyo gihugu niho bari bakiri, ariko abandi bose – umwigisha wo kwibira mu mazi, umugore agenzura icyo kigwati hamwe n’abandi bakozi ba Mossad bose bari bagiye.”

Haheze igihe icyo kibanza cyaraguye ntabwo cyongeye gukora, hasigaye abanya Ethiopia 492 barindiriye kujya i Siyoni.

Munyuma icyegera cy’umukuru w’igihugu wa Amerika George Bush yabifashijemo, bajyanwa n’indege ya Amerika muri Israeli.

Inyuma yaho abandi banya Israeli bo mu bwoko bw’aba Beta baratahukanywe, bose hamwe bashyika 18000 batangiye ubuzima muri icyo gihugu cy’abayahudi.

Ferede Aklum ari muri bo.

“Abanya Ethiopia b’abayahudi nizo ncungu muri ino nkuru,” niko Gad avuga ariko anywa icyayi i Tel Aviv, “Si abadereva b’indege, cyangwa b’ubwato cyangwa abakozi ba Mossad. Gad Shimron muri kino gihe

“Iyo nibutse uburyo babaho – amabi babamo nta muntu ashobora kuyabamo umunsi umwe.

“Twe twakoze akazi kacu.”